The Supreme Court's opinion in Brown II reflects the struggle between federal and state governments on how and when school desegregation would occur.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped enforce the Brown ruling, a decade later.
This collection of excerpts from legislation and court decisions documents key phases of the legal struggle to gain and implement equal education.
The Supreme Court's 1927 opinion in Gong Lum v. Rice affirmed legalized school segregation.
This 1946 federal court ruling marked a victory for Mexican Americans and chipped away at the "separate but equal" doctrine, declaring segregated schools based on national origin unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court's 1896 ruling legalized the "separate but equal" doctrine that sanctioned segregation.
Historical information on Booker T. Washington, the foremost black educator of the late 19th and 20th centuries. This site offers an overview of his greatest accomplishments, including links to his autobiography and other writings. This is a great resource for reports.
Read the complete text from the book "Up from Slavery: An Autobiography", by Booker T. Washington, in which he explores his journey from slave to educator. Includes illustrations, biographical facts, and links to further information on his life.
Here, read the entire text to "Fifty Years in Chains; or, The Life of an American Slave," which was written by Charles Ball and originally published in 1859.
E-text of a book with primary and secondary source information about Harriet Tubman by Sarah Bradford published in 1886. RI.9-10.7 different mediums
HTML full text of the "Life and Times of Frederick Douglass," the autobiography of the 19th century African American abolitionist (1818-1895).
These historically significant primary documents trace the evolution of the church in the black south into a significant part of the community.
From the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries, this site provides the complete "Confessions of Nat Turner" complete with images of the original pages published of the confession.
A very detailed version of Booker T. Washington's life as a slave and as an educator. This autobiography is the outgrowth of a series of articles he had published in the Outlook magazine. The simple story of an extraordinary man.
Ibiblio.org offers links to three documents signed by Germany, Japan, and Italy during World War II.
In this story, a young girl does chores at home before going out to play. Includes audio narration in 6 additional languages with text in English.
This site provides the full text of Dickens' novel "Dombey and Son." A brief summary is also included.
In this interactive activity, from the Web site developed for the PBS series "Building Big," think like an engineer and use your knowledge of dome design to match the right type of dome to the right location in a fictitious city.
Contains full text of "Donne's Relation to Petrarch," as appears in "The Cambridge History of English and American Literature." Explains how Donne broke the Petrarchian poetic style.
Online lesson which allows students to create a graphic in understanding a given story/piece of literature. Students create this graphic in groups and then present to the class, offering explanations as to their understanding of the literature.