Three English, a French, and a Spanish primary account of the staggering losses, misery, and deprivation that characterized early European settlement as well as the resilience needed to overcome those challenges.

A fictional depiction of the turmoil over the existence of slavery-and its human impact.

Magazine excerpts that celebrate the government sponsored internal improvements of the early nineteenth century and the market economy that they fueled.

Forty seven primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, and visual images-that explore the issues facing African Americans as they struggled to carve out identity, work, artistic expression, and citizenship rights.

Sixteen primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, visual images, audio, and video material-that explore how African Americans created group and individual identities in the late-nineteenth century.

Four accounts by Native Americans of their complex responses to and reactions toward European explorers near present-day Canada and Mexico.

Three maps of European settlement in Virginia, the Pacific Northwest, and the Spanish New World, and the accompanying official instructions from lenders and monarchs about the obligations, opportunities, and hopes that those settlement-backers expressed by way of clarifying the purposes of European settlement.

Primary source documents on equality provides a look into various perspectives surrounding the discussion on rights for slaves, African Americans, women and equality in general between 1789-1920. Includes questions for discussion, reading guide and links to supplemental material.

Over thirty primary sources explore the American Revolution covering the topics of early republican life, religion, politics, expansion, and equality. Includes notes and discussion questions.

Primary source materials from the post-Revolutionary War period in America, 1789-1820, which depict the sense of politics in a newly formed nation with a developing national identity. Includes reading guide, questions for discussion and links to supplemental material.

Primary resource material on post-Revolution America, 1789-1820, which explores the topic of religion and national identity in the early republic. Includes questions for discussion and links to supplemental material.

Primary source documents on westward expansion convey the impact expanison had on national unity and provides a sense of interactions with Native Americans. Includes reading guide, links to supplemental material, and questions for discussion.

Primary source articles discusses mob violence and the practice of lynching while examining social conformity and segregation. Links to both articles, summary of text and questions for discussion.

Proposals for and arguments against the emigration of blacks to Haiti and to Africa during the mid-nineteenth century. The struggle of African Americans, such as Martin Delany, to determine the appropriate course of action with this difficult issue is illustrated within this resource.

Letters, an article, a pamphlet, and a song that point to greater black migration from the South and black cultural achievements in the twentieth century. The texts examines how migrations north affected the relationships of African Americans with their southern counterparts.

An analysis of the reasons why blacks moved north around the time of World War I. An article by Emmett J. Scott (1873-1957), who for a time served as Booker T. Washington's personal secretary, is linked to this resource.

One hundred and sixty primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, and visual images-that explore the conditions of slavery, the search for identity, the development of a sense of community while enslaved, and the struggles for emancipation from the seventeenth century into the twentieth century.

Collection of 11 primary resources exploring the migrations made by African Americans in the 20th Century and the effects they had. Includes text links, notes and questions for discussion.

Primary resource material explores the outcome of civil rights protests and the Civil Rights Movement and examines what remains yet to overcome. Links to supplemental materials, discussions questions and notes.

A collection of 13 primary resources with questions for discussion and links to supplemental material about the various forms of protest undertaken by African Americans in pursuit of civil rights and how it helped shape identity.