By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Discuss the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Recognize and describe common projective tests used in personality assessment
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Discuss early trait theories of Cattell and Eysenck
Discuss the Big Five factors and describe someone who is high and low on each of the five traits
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Define personality
Describe early theories about personality development
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Distinguish normal anxiety from pathological anxiety
List and describe the major anxiety disorders, including their main features and prevalence
Describe basic psychological and biological factors that are suspected to be important in the etiology of anxiety disorder
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Explain why classification systems are necessary in the study of psychopathology
Describe the basic features of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
Discuss changes in the DSM over time, including criticisms of the current edition
Identify which disorders are generally the most common
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe the nature and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Discuss the prevalence and factors that contribute to the development of these disorders
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe the essential nature of dissociative disorders
Identify and differentiate the symptoms of dissociative amnesia, depersonalization/ derealization disorder, and dissociative identity disorder
Discuss the potential role of both social and psychological factors in dissociative identity disorder
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Distinguish normal states of sadness and euphoria from states of depression and mania
Describe the symptoms of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder
Understand the differences between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, and identify two subtypes of depression
Define the criteria for a manic episode
Understand genetic, biological, and psychological explanations of major depressive disorder
Discuss the relationship between mood disorders and suicidal ideation, as well as factors associated with suicide
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe the main features and prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder
Understand some of the factors in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe the nature of personality disorders and how they differ from other disorders
List and distinguish between the three clusters of personality disorders
Identify the basic features of borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder, and the factors that are important in the etiology of both
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Discuss supernatural perspectives on the origin of psychological disorders, in their historical context
Describe modern biological and psychological perspectives on the origin of psychological disorders
Identify which disorders generally show the highest degree of heritability
Describe the diathesis-stress model and its importance to the study of psychopathology
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe the nature and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder
Identify the risk factors associated with this disorder
Understand the role of learning and cognitive factors in its development
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Recognize the essential nature of schizophrenia, avoiding the misconception that it involves a split personality
Categorize and describe the major symptoms of schizophrenia
Understand the interplay between genetic, biological, and environmental factors that are associated with the development of schizophrenia
Discuss the importance of research examining prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Understand the problems inherent in defining the concept of psychological disorder
Describe what is meant by harmful dysfunction
Identify the formal criteria that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors must meet to be considered abnormal and, thus, symptomatic of a psychological disorder
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Explain what a correlation coefficient tells us about the relationship between variables
Recognize that correlation does not indicate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables
Discuss our tendency to look for relationships between variables that do not really exist
Explain random sampling and assignment of participants into experimental and control groups
Discuss how experimenter or participant bias could affect the results of an experiment
Identify independent and dependent variables