This pathway outlines the process of genetic engineering with a focus on gene cloning. This pathway also provides an introduction for the ABE lab series.

This pathway outlines how genetic information is added to cells in the technique called transformation. This pathway also supports ABE Lab 5.

This pathway will help learners better understand the critical role that bacterial cells play as protein production factories in the process of gene cloning. The processes of binary fission, transcription and translation are all essential for this role and are explored in detail here. For those using this pathway as part of the Amgen Biotech Experience, this pathway is a good companion to ABE Lab 5.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a groundbreaking gene editing tool with the promise to cure diseases, improve agriculture, and revolutionize environmental engineering. This pathway introduces the CRISPR-Cas9 mechanism, which is applied to disrupt a gene to confer HIV resistance of human immune cells.

This pathway provides resources for understanding motion in one dimension. The fundamentals of vector and scalars are covered, and the key concepts of position, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration are explained. The pathway concludes with a series of questions to test understanding of the topic.

The introduction to good lab citizenship serves as a lab etiquette guide and aims to make life easier for first-time research students in the crucial first days in a new lab.

This pathway provides an introduction to the scientific method in the context of the life sciences.

This pathway explores the properties of light. Light is described as a wave which is able to reflect, refract and diffract when it encounters surfaces. Applications of lights wave properties such as single and double slit diffraction are discussed, as well as how different colours occur as combinations of different frequecnies of light. Probelms are provided to check for understanding.

This pathway provides an overview of biological macromolecules and their properties. The resources in this pathway can be used to introduce or review the structure and function of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. For a deeper look at this topic, we recommend the pathway Biological Macromolecules from the OpenStax textbook Biology for AP® Courses.

This pathway explores the essential concepts of magnets and magnetic fields. The relationship between magnets and the fields they produce is explained, as well as some of the contemporary applications of magnetism in medical diagnostics and quantum mechanics. Problems are provided to check for understanding.

This pathway introduces the units scientists use when making measurements and how to judge and express the meaning and level of confidence in a measurement.

Chemistry is often defined as the science of matter and how it changes. This pathway introduces the composition of matter and the physical and chemical changes it can undergo.

The spacial arrangement of atoms in a molecule has a massive role in the properties of that substance. This pathway provides resources to explain why molecules take the shapes that they do, and how to determine what shape the molecule will take.

This pathway explores the concept of momentum. Momentum as a quantity is defined, and its relationship to force explained. The law of conservation of momentum is introduced, as well as the term impulse. Problems are included at the end of the chapter to check for understanding.

This pathways exapnds the concepts of motion from one dimension into two dimensions. Two key applications of this are the pendulum and projectile motion. The pathways concludes with questions that test understanding of the topic.

This pathway provides an introduction to nucleic acids and their role in providing heritable information in cells. For a deeper look at this topic, we recommend the pathway DNA Structure and Function from the OpenStax textbook Biology for AP® Courses.

Organic chemistry is the study of the molecules that are necessary for life to exist. The key ingredient for these molecules is carbon, which is able to form complex structures and allows for the variety of different molecules in living things. This pathway provides resources for undestanding the basic rules that are used to categorize these different molecules.

The periodic table of elements is one of the greaest achievement in chemistry, and understanding its arrangment helps us to understand many aspects of chemistry. This pathway provides resources to understand several of the trends on the periodic table, such as electronegativity and the number of bonds an atom can form.

This pathway provides an introduction to cellular metabolism, including a comparison of the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. For a deeper look at this topic, we recommend the pathways Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and The Biological Process of Photosynthesis from the OpenStax textbook Biology for AP® Courses.

Polymerase Chain Reaction - or PCR - is known as one of the most ubiquitous and powerful techniques in life science laboratories. PCR is a highly sensitive and selective method to produce many copies of a particular piece of DNA. This pathway details applications of PCR, its mechanism and primer design, and demonstrates how the method is used in the lab.