By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Define intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Understand that instincts, drive reduction, self-efficacy, and social motives have all been proposed as theories of motivation
Explain the basic concepts associated with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Understand basic biological mechanisms regulating sexual behavior and motivation
Appreciate the importance of Alfred Kinsey’s research on human sexuality
Recognize the contributions that William Masters and Virginia Johnson’s research made to our understanding of the sexual response cycle
Define sexual orientation and gender identity
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe the field of human factors psychology
Explain the role of human factors psychology in safety, productivity, and job satisfaction
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Explain the aspects of employee selection
Describe the kinds of job training
Describe the approaches to and issues surrounding performance assessment
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Define organizational psychology
Explain the measurement and determinants of job satisfaction
Describe key elements of management and leadership
Explain the significance of organizational culture
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Understand the scope of study in the field of industrial and organizational psychology
Describe the history of industrial and organizational psychology
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Understand educational requirements for careers in academic settings
Understand the demands of a career in an academic setting
Understand career options outside of academic settings
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Appreciate the diversity of interests and foci within psychology
Understand basic interests and applications in each of the described areas of psychology
Demonstrate familiarity with some of the major concepts or important figures in each of the described areas of psychology
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Understand the importance of Wundt and James in the development of psychology
Appreciate Freud’s influence on psychology
Understand the basic tenets of Gestalt psychology
Appreciate the important role that behaviorism played in psychology’s history
Understand basic tenets of humanism
Understand how the cognitive revolution shifted psychology’s focus back to the mind
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Understand the etymology of the word “psychology”
Define psychology
Understand the merits of an education in psychology
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Explain how classical conditioning occurs
Summarize the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Define observational learning
Discuss the steps in the modeling process
Explain the prosocial and antisocial effects of observational learning
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Define operant conditioning
Explain the difference between reinforcement and punishment
Distinguish between reinforcement schedules
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Explain how learned behaviors are different from instincts and reflexes
Define learning
Recognize and define three basic forms of learning—classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning
