Excellent article summarizing Bertrand Russell's thought. Includes chronology of major events in his life, but most of the article spends time on Russell's contributions in logic, analytic philosophy, and social criticism. Also includes audio clips of Russell speaking, as well as an impressive bibliography.

Clear, concise introduction to various coherence theories of truth. Author explains several versions of the theory, the arguments for and against them, while avoiding too much philosophical jargon. Includes bibliography.

This Stanford University encyclopedia entry discusses Confucius (551-479 BCE), who, according to Chinese tradition, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.

This site from Stanford University is on the topic of simultaneity in relativity.

An entry from the Standard Encyclopedia of Philospohy that analyzes creationism from scientific, philosophical, and theological viewpoints and finds it lacking on all three measures.

This site is a discussion of Descartes influential epistemological problems. Addresses Descartes' characterization of knowledge, his methods, his major arguments and mistakes, and his most enduring contributions to modern philosophy. Includes numerous quotes, extensive bibliography, and suggestions throughout for where to read more about given subject.

Excellent article from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy tracing the development of "divine illumination" throughout the classical and medieval Christian philosophical tradition. Describes how this distinctively Christian epistemology derived from classical Greek thought, was developed by Augustine and Aquinas, and finally met its demise in the work of Henry of Ghent and John Duns Scotus. Bibliography included.

This encyclopedia article provides an extensive overview of Hegel's life, work, and influence in philosophy.

Good summary of Frege's thought. Some sections are more technical, but the explanation of his philosophy of language and other sections are more readable.

Describes the recent movement known as "informal logic." Summarizes its brief history, provides several detailed examples, and explains its relationship to philosophy. Bibliography included.

Integrity is outlined in this detailed entry by the Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Integrity is also explained as it relates to a variety of other characteristics. This site is designed for those looking to develop a high level of understanding of integrity.

This on-line encyclopedia offers an in-depth look at the teachings of Karl Marx.

A highly detailed biography of the famous Jewish philosopher and religious thinker. The article provides a thorough analysis of his religious ideas.

Explains modal logic by means of logical notation. Somewhat difficult for a non-specialist to appreciate. However, the introductory section does provide a general definition of "modal logic."

Overview from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of the structure and history of ontological arguments for the existence of God. Lists the major attempts (and includes extensive bibliography for them), then describes the various types and logics of ontological arguments. Effectively uses more of a typological approach than historical.

Brief description of the Stoic desire to live a life based on their philosophical beliefs, rather than teach their philosophy to the world.

Plato's views on rhetoric and poetry have been very influential on western thought and literature. Read this detailed article to find out why.

Encyclopedia article about Pythagoras from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy that discusses not only his life, but his major contributions as well. Also includes a lengthy bibliography and links to additional information.