This article uses specific court cases to show how the right to counsel at trial was developed into the present day standard.

This resource explains the phrase "double jeopardy," including a look at its development through history.

This resource describes the different types of income that are taxable by the government based on numerous court cases in which definitions of the 16th amendment Corporation Tax Act of 1909 were applied.

This resource summarizes the meanings of the words naturalization and citizenship, using excerpts and references from the U.S. Constitution, and explains the power held by the U.S. Congress in granting citizenship.

This particular page of annotations on the Eighth Amendment discusses the background and intended meaning of the phrase "cruel and unsual punishment".

This resource offers a discussion of the Fourth Amendment, and what has become known as the Exclusionary Rule. Provided on the bottom of the page are footnotes which can be reached by clicking on the links throughout the body of the text.

This resource explains Clause 5 of Article I of the U.S. Constitution by defining specific words and phrases contained within the clause. Also gives historical background to explain the purpose of the Clause.

An in-depth look at the different types of contempt of court, in the United States legal system.

This resource shows the relationship between the Federal and State Courts as stated in Article III of the U.S. Constitution. This annotated text details issues like problems raised by concurrency, autonomy of state courts, and rules of accommodation. Footnotes on the bottom of the page can be reached by clicking on the links throughout the body of the text.

Annotations to Article III on the characteristics and attributes of judicial power as related to specific Supreme Court decisions. The author distinguishes between judicial power and jurisdiction.

This resource covers Article III, Section 1, which focuses on the judicial branch of the United States government.

This resource provides detailed information about Article II of the Constitution, which focuses on impeachment.

In-depth analysis of the use of presidential power to send troops abroad without consent of Congress.

Explains Clause 3 of Article II, Vacancies during Recess of Senate. It outlines various situations where a vacancy may occur and what rules are in place to deal with it.

A scholarly discussion of Article II of the U.S. Constitution, which establishes the executive branch of the U.S. government. Discusses the origin of the article and the debates on executive power that took place among the Founding Fathers as the constitution was being drafted.

Read Section 3 of Article II which explains what the President's duties are as Law Enforcer. The Constitution does not state that the President shall execute the laws himself, but that he will ensure that laws are "faithfully executed."

This resource discusses Clause 1, Section 3, in Article IV. It outlines the parameters put in place to ensure that as new states entered the union, power was equitably distributed among all.

This resource provides a review of Clause 2, Article VI, "Supremacy of the Constitution, Laws and Treaties."