This animation introduces what antibodies are, where they come from, and how they can be used in the laboratory.
Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester biology course for science majors. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology includes rich features that engage students in scientific inquiry, highlight careers in the biological sciences, and offer everyday applications. The book also includes various types of practice and homework questions that help students understand—and apply—key concepts. The 2nd edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Art and illustrations have been substantially improved, and the textbook features additional assessments and related resources.
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Explain cross-reactivity
Describe the structure and function of antibodies
Discuss antibody production
This 14-minute video lesson provides an overview of B cells (B lymphocytes) and how they are activated and produce antibodies. [Biology playlist: Lesson 53 of 71].
Khan Academy learning modules include a Community space where users can ask questions and seek help from community members. Educators should consult with their Technology administrators to determine the use of Khan Academy learning modules in their classroom. Please review materials from external sites before sharing with students.
Paul Andersen explains how your body protects itself from invading viruses and bacteria. He starts by describing the nonspecific immune responses of skin and inflammation. He then explains how we use antibodies to disrupt the function of antigens and mark them for destruction. [13:46]
This lesson describes the major components and functions of the immune system and the role of engineers in keeping the body healthy (e.g., vaccinations and antibiotics, among other things). This lesson also discusses how an astronaut's immune system is suppressed during spaceflight due to stress and other environmental factors.
Read a passage about our immune system and answer the follow-up questions.
Khan Academy learning modules include a Community space where users can ask questions and seek help from community members. Educators should consult with their Technology administrators to determine the use of Khan Academy learning modules in their classroom. Please review materials from external sites before sharing with students.
In this simulation the learner will design a sequence of experiments to
generate a coronavirus vaccine.
This video describes the non-adaptive immune system, innate immune system, and the adaptive immune system.
This Nobel E-Museum site provides an autobiography and a very detailed description of Mr. Tonegawa's work for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1987.
Learn how vaccines help the immune system protect people against diseases in this video. [3:37] The immune system is a natural defense system that uses biological processes to fight invaders such as germs. Vaccines introduce a weakened germ to the body so that the immune system learns how to fight it and is prepared for a future invasion. Animations illustrate how white blood cells and antibodies fight germs, and show how vaccines arm the immune system with memory cells. Vaccines prevent disease epidemics and are especially important for babies, whose immune systems are immature and vulnerable to infection. Support materials are provided.
This site from WebMD Health provides great information on cold sores. It begins with a topic overview that covers subjects such as what are cold sores, what causes cold sores, and how they are spread. Information is also included on symptoms and treatment.
This video demonstrates the Western blot technique in a laboratory setting. Western blotting is a common technique to visualize proteins with the help of specific antibodies.
